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Urea
Ke motsoako oa tlhaho o entsoeng ka carbon, naetrojene, oksijene le hydrogen, e 'ngoe ea metsoako e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea manyolo,' me ke sehlahisoa sa mantlha se nang le naetrojene ea metabolism ea protheine le ho bola ho liphoofolo tse anyesang le litlhapi tse ling, 'me urea e entsoe ka ammonia le carbon. dioxide e indastering tlasa maemo a itseng.
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Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate ke motsoako o mosoeu, granular, plate kapa columnar crystals, monko oa ammonia.Ammonium bicarbonate ke mofuta oa carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate e na le ammonium ion ka mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale, ke mofuta oa letsoai la ammonium, 'me letsoai la ammonium le ke ke la kopanngoa le alkali, kahoo ammonium bicarbonate ha ea lokela ho kopanngoa le sodium hydroxide kapa calcium hydroxide. .
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Potassium carbonate
Ntho e sa tsoeng ka tlhaho, e qhibilihisitsoeng e le phofo e tšoeu ea kristale, e qhibilihang metsing, alkaline ka motsoako o nang le metsi, e ke keng ea qhibiliha ka ethanol, acetone, le ether.Hygroscopic e matla, e pepeselitsoeng moeeng e ka monya carbon dioxide le metsi, ka har'a potassium bicarbonate.
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Potassium Chloride
Motsoako oa tlhaho o tšoanang le letsoai ka chebahalo, o nang le kristale e tšoeu le tatso e letsoai haholo, e sa nkheng ebile e se chefo.E qhibiliha ka metsing, ether, glycerol le alkali, e qhibiliha hanyenyane ka ethanol, empa ha e qhibilihe ka har'a anhydrous ethanol, hygroscopic, ho bonolo ho kaka;Ho qhibiliha ha metsi ho eketseha ka potlako ka ho eketseha ha mocheso, 'me hangata ho tsosolosoa ka letsoai la sodium ho etsa matsoai a macha a potasiamo.
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Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous sulfate ke ntho inorganic, the crystalline hydrate ke heptahydrate ka mocheso o tloaelehileng, eo ka tloaelo e tsejoang e le "green alum", khanya e tala kristale, weathered moeeng omileng, holim 'a oxidation ea sootho motheo tšepe sulfate moeeng mongobo, ka 56.6 ℃ ho ba tetrahydrate, ka 65 ℃ ho fetoha monohydrate.Ferrous sulfate e qhibiliha ka metsing 'me e batla e sa qhibilihe ka har'a ethanol.Mokelikeli oa eona o nang le oxidizes butle moeeng ha ho bata, 'me oxidize kapele ha ho chesa.Ho eketsa alkali kapa ho pepeseha khanyeng ho ka potlakisa oxidation ea eona.Tekanyo e lekanyelitsoeng (d15) ke 1.897.
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Ammonium Chloride
Matsoai a ammonium a hydrochloric acid, haholo-holo ka lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea alkali.Naetrojene ea 24% ~ 26%, lisekoere tse tšoeu kapa tse mosehla hanyenyane kapa likristale tse nyane tsa octahedral, phofo le granular mefuta e 'meli ea litekanyetso, granular ammonium chloride ha e bonolo ho monya mongobo, ho bolokoa habonolo, le phofshoana ea ammonium chloride e sebelisoa haholo e le motheo. manyolo bakeng sa tlhahiso ya manyolo a kopaneng.Ke manyolo a physiological acid, a sa lokelang ho sebelisoa mobung o nang le asiti le mobu oa saline-alkali ka lebaka la chlorine e ngata, 'me ha oa lokela ho sebelisoa e le manyolo a peo, manyolo a lipeo kapa manyolo a makhasi.
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Magnesium Chloride
Ntho ea inorganic e entsoeng ka 74.54% chlorine le 25.48% magnesium 'me hangata e na le limolek'hule tse tšeletseng tsa metsi a crystalline, MgCl2.6H2O.kristale ea monoclinic, kapa letsoai, e na le ho senya ho itseng.Magnesium oxide e thehoa ha metsi le hydrogen chloride li lahleha nakong ea mocheso.E qhibiliha hanyane ka har'a acetone, e qhibiliha ka metsing, ethanol, methanol, pyridine.E hlabosa ebe e baka mosi moeeng o mongobo, 'me e kokobela ha ho chesa ha ho chesa ka har'a khase ea haedrojene.
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4A Zeolite
Ke asiti ea tlhaho ea alumino-silicic, letsoai la letsoai ha le tuka, ka lebaka la metsi a ka hare ho kristale a lelekoa, a hlahisa ketsahalo e tšoanang le ho bela le ho belisoa, e bitsoang "lejoe le belang" ka setšoantšo, le bitsoang "zeolite". ”, e sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa se se nang phosphate detergent, ho e-na le sodium tripolyphosphate;Ka liindasteri tsa petroleum le tse ling, e sebelisoa e le ho omisa, ho felloa ke metsi le ho hloekisa likhase le metsi, hape e le ntho e thusang le ho nolofatsa metsi.
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Citric acid
Ke ea bohlokoa organic acid, colorless kristale, odorless, o na le matla bolila tatso, habonolo qhibilihang ka har'a metsi, haholo-holo sebelisoa ka indasteri ea lijo le seno seno, ka sebelisoa e le bolila moemeli, seasoning moemeli le preservative, preservative, ka boela sebelisoa ka lik'hemik'hale, indasteri ea litlolo e le antioxidant, plasticizer, detergent, anhydrous citric acid e ka boela ea sebelisoa indastering ea lijo le lino.
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Silicate ea sodium
Sodium silicate ke mofuta oa silicate inorganic, eo hangata e tsejoang e le pyrophorine.Na2O · nSiO2 e entsoeng ka ho lahla ho omileng e kholo ebile e pepenene, ha Na2O · nSiO2 e entsoeng ka ho tima metsi a metsi ke granular, e ka sebelisoang feela ha e fetoloa ho ba mokelikeli Na2O · nSiO2.Lihlahisoa tse tiileng tse tloaelehileng tsa Na2O·nSiO2 ke: ① tiileng ka bongata, ② phofo e tiileng, ③ silicate ea sodium hang-hang, ④ metsi a letsoai a sodium metasilicate, ⑤ pentahydrate metasilicate ea sodium, ⑥ sodium orthosilicate.
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Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate
E 'ngoe ea letsoai la sodium ea phosphoric acid, letsoai la inorganic acid, le qhibilihang ka metsing, le batlang le sa qhibilihe ka har'a ethanol.Sodium dihydrogen phosphate ke thepa e tala bakeng sa ho etsa sodium hempetaphosphate le sodium pyrophosphate.Ke kristale ea prismatic ea monoclinic e se nang mebala e nang le boima bo lekanang ba 1.52g/cm².
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Dibasic sodium phosphate
Ke e 'ngoe ea letsoai la sodium ea phosphoric acid.Ke phofshoana e tšoeu e bosoeu, e qhibilihang ka metsing, 'me tharollo e nang le metsi e fokotsehile ka alkaline.Disodium hydrogen phosphate ke ho le bonolo ho meteo moeeng, mocheso oa kamoreng o behoa moeeng ho lahleheloa ke metsi a kristale a ka bang 5 ho etsa heptahydrate, e futhumetseng ho ea ho 100 ℃ ho lahleheloa ke metsi a kristale hore e be ntho ea anhydrous, ho bola ho sodium pyrophosphate ho 250 ℃.
