Phekolo ea metsi a litšila a nang le asiti

Metsi a litšila a nang le asiti ke metsi a litšila a nang le pH ea boleng bo ka tlase ho 6. Ho ea ka mefuta e fapaneng le likhakanyo tsa asiti, metsi a litšila a nang le asiti a ka aroloa ka metsi a litšila a inorganic acid le metsi a litšila a organic acid.metsi a litšila a nang le asiti e matla le metsi a litšila a acid e fokolang;metsi a litšila a monoacid le metsi a litšila a polyacid;Metsi a litšila a nang le asiti e tlase le metsi a litšila a nang le asiti e ngata.Hangata metsi a litšila a nang le asiti, ntle le hore a na le asiti e itseng, hangata a na le li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima le matsoai a tsona le lintho tse ling tse kotsi.Metsi a litšila a nang le asiti a tsoa mehloling e mengata e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa drainage ea merafo, hydrometallurgy, rolling steel, kalafo ea acid e holim'a tšepe le tšepe e se nang ferrous, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea acid, lidae, electrolysis, electroplating, likhoele tsa maiketsetso le likarolo tse ling tsa indasteri.Metsi a litšila a tloaelehileng a acid ke metsi a litšila a sulfuric acid, a lateloe ke hydrochloric acid le nitric acid e litšila.Selemo se seng le se seng, China e haufi le ho ntša li-cubic metres tse ka bang milione tsa asiti ea litšila tsa indasteri, haeba metsi ana a litšila a ntšoa ka kotloloho ntle le kalafo, a tla senya liphaephe, a senye lijalo, a lematse litlhapi, a senye likepe le ho senya bophelo ba tikoloho.Metsi a litšila a asiti ea liindasteri a tlameha ho hloekisoa ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa naha tsa ho lahla pele a tsoa, ​​metsi a litšila a ka sebelisoa hape 'me a sebelisoa hape.Ha ho phekoloa acid e litšila, mekhoa e ka khethoa e kenyelletsa phekolo ea letsoai, mokhoa oa mahloriso, mokhoa oa ho fokotsa lik'hemik'hale, mokhoa oa ho ntša, mokhoa oa ion exchange resin, mokhoa oa ho arohana ha membrane, joalo-joalo.

1. letsoai out recycling

Seo ho thoeng ke salting ke ho sebelisa metsi a mangata a letsoai a mangata ho fokotsa litšila tsohle tsa manyolo ka har'a acid e litšila.Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o tla hlahisa hydrochloric acid 'me o tla ama ho hlaphoheloa le ho sebelisoa ha sulfuric acid ka har'a acid e litšila, kahoo ho ile ha ithutoa mokhoa oa ho tlosa litšila tse phelang ka har'a litšila tse nang le sodium bisulphate saturated solution.
Asiti ea litšila e na le asiti ea sulfuric le litšila tse fapaneng tsa lintho tse phelang, tseo haholo-holo e leng palo e nyane ea 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid le li-isomers tse fapaneng ntle le 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid e hlahisoang ke toluene ka mokhoa oa sulfnation, chlorination le nitrification.Mokhoa oa ho ntša letsoai ke ho sebelisa metsi a mangata a letsoai a nang le letsoai ho fokotsa hoo e batlang e le litšila tsohle tse ka har'a asiti ea litšila.Mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa letsoai ha o khone feela ho tlosa litšila tse sa tšoaneng tsa lintho tse phelang ka har'a acid e litšila, empa hape o tsosolosa sulfuric acid ho kenya tlhahiso ea potoloho, ho boloka litšenyehelo le matla.

2. Mokhoa oa ho halika

Mokhoa oa ho halika o sebelisoa ho acid e sa tsitsang joalo ka hydrochloric acid, e arohaneng le tharollo ka ho halika ho fihlela phello ea ho hlaphoheloa.

3. Mokhoa oa ho se nke lehlakore ka lik'hemik'hale

The basic acid-base reaction of H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O hape ke motheo oa bohlokoa oa ho phekola metsi a litšila a nang le asiti.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho phekola metsi a litšila a nang le asiti e kenyelletsa ho se nke lehlakore le ho sebelisoa hape, ho se nke lehlakore ha metsi a litšila a acid-base, ho se nke lehlakore ha lithethefatsi, ho se hloekise, joalo-joalo Matsatsing a pele a likhoebo tse ling tsa tšepe le tsa tšepe Chaena, boholo ba tsona li ne li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho. acid-base neutralization ho phekola litšila tsa hydrochloric acid le sulfuric acid pickling, e le hore boleng ba pH bo fihle boemong ba ho ntša metsi.Sodium carbonate (soda molora), sodium hydroxide, lejoe la mokoetla kapa kalaka e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho se nke lehlakore ha acid-base, tšebeliso e akaretsang e theko e tlase, ho bonolo ho e etsa kalaka.

4. Mokhoa oa ho ntša

Mokelikeli-mokelikeli oa mokelikeli, oo hape o tsejoang e le mokelikeli oa solvent, ke ts'ebetso ea yuniti e sebelisang phapang ea ho qhibiliha ha likarolo tsa mokelikeli oa lintho tse tala ka har'a motsoako o loketseng ho finyella karohano.Ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a nang le asiti, hoa hlokahala ho etsa hore metsi a litšila a nang le asiti le mokelikeli oa lintho tse phelang a kopane ka ho feletseng, e le hore litšila tsa acid e litšila li fetisetsoe ho solvent.Litlhoko tse ntšitsoeng ke:(1) bakeng sa asiti ea litšila ha e sebetse, ha e kopane ka lik'hemik'hale le acid e litšila, 'me ha e qhibilihe ka har'a asiti ea litšila;(2) Litšila tse ka har'a asiti ea litšila li na le coefficient e phahameng ea karohano ho extractant le sulfuric acid;(3) Theko e tlase ebile e fumaneha habonolo;(4) Ho bonolo ho arohana le litšila, tahlehelo e nyenyane ha u hlobola.Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether le N-503.

5. ion phapanyetsano resin mokhoa

Molao-motheo oa ho phekola mokelikeli oa litšila tsa organic acid ka ion exchange resin ke hore li-resin tse ling tsa ion li ka monya li-organic acid ho tsoa tharollong ea litšila tsa asiti le ho qhelela ka thoko li-acid tse sa tloaelehang le letsoai la tšepe ho fihlela karohano ea li-acid tse fapaneng le matsoai.

6. mokhoa oa ho arohana ha lera

Bakeng sa mokelikeli o nang le asiti, mekhoa ea kalafo ea lera e kang dialysis le electrodialysis le eona e ka sebelisoa.Membrane recovery ea acid e litšila e amohela molao-motheo oa dialysis, o tsamaisoang ke phapang ea mahloriso.Sesebelisoa sohle se entsoe ka lera la diffusion dialysis, poleiti e tsamaisang metsi, poleiti e matlafatsang, foreimi ea phallo ea metsi, joalo-joalo, 'me e fihlela phello ea karohano ka ho arola lintho ka har'a mokelikeli o litšila.

7. mokhoa o pholileng oa crystallization

Mokhoa o pholileng oa crystallization ke mokhoa oa ho fokotsa mocheso oa tharollo le ho fokotsa solute.E sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea kalafo ea asiti ea litšila hore litšila tse ka har'a asiti ea litšila li pholisoe ho khutlisa tharollo ea asiti e fihlelang litlhoko mme e ka sebelisoa hape.Ka mohlala, litšila tsa sulfuric acid tse ntšitsoeng ts'ebetsong ea ho hlatsoa li-acyl tsa leloala le nang le ferrous sulfate, tse tšoaroang ke ts'ebetso ea mahloriso-crystallization le filtration.Ka mor'a ho tlosoa ha ferrous sulfate ka ho sefa, asiti e ka khutlisetsoa ts'ebetsong ea tšepe ea tšepe hore e tsoele pele ho sebelisoa.
Cooling crystallization e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa indasteri, tse bontšitsoeng mona ka mokhoa oa ho khetha ha ho etsoa tšepe.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tšepe le ea mechine, tharollo ea sulfuric acid e atisa ho sebelisoa ho tlosa mafome holim'a tšepe.Ka hona, ho sebelisoa hape ha asiti ea litšila ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo haholo le ho sireletsa tikoloho.Cooling crystallization e sebelisoa indastering ho finyella mokhoa ona.

8. Mokhoa oa oxidation

Mokhoa ona o 'nile oa sebelisoa ka nako e telele,' me molao-motheo ke ho senya litšila tse phelang ka har'a litšila tsa sulfuric acid ka li-oxidizing agents tlas'a maemo a loketseng, e le hore li ka fetoloa carbon dioxide, metsi, nitrogen oxides, joalo-joalo. e arohane le sulfuric acid, e le hore litšila tsa sulfuric acid li ka hloekisoa le ho hlaphoheloa.Li-oxidants tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone joalo-joalo.Oxidizer e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le melemo le mefokolo ea eona.