1. Li-acids
vitriol
Foromo ea molek'hule H2SO4, mokelikeli o se nang 'mala kapa o sootho o nang le oli, sesebelisoa se matla sa oxidizing, mochini o senyang o monyela haholo, mocheso o mongata o lokolloa ka metsing, acid e tlameha ho ekeletsoa metsing ha e hlapolloa, 'me e ke ke ea etsoa ka tsela e fapaneng, e sebelisoa. joalo ka lidae tsa asiti, lidae tse mahareng tsa asiti, lithuso tsa ho daea lidae tsa chrome, sesebelisoa sa ho daea boea.
Acetic acid
Foromo ea molek'hule CH3COOH, e khuts'oane bakeng sa HAC, mokelikeli o sa bonahaleng o monko o monko o se nang 'mala, ntlha ea leqhoa ea likhato tse 14, e senyang, e ka chesa letlalo, e sebelisoa e le dae e fokolang ea acid bath acid, dae e mahareng ea acid, mothusi oa dae o sa nke lehlakore.
Asiti ea formic
Foromo ea limolek'hule HCOOH, mokelikeli o monko o monate o se nang 'mala o se nang 'mala, o fokotsang, o senya haholo, o bonolo ho hoama ha ho bata, mouoane oa formic acid o ka chesoa, o chefo, o sebelisoa e le lidae tsa asiti, thuso ea ho daea li-acid.
Oxalic acid
Foromo ea molek'hule H2C2O4.2H2O, kristale e tšoeu, e ka aroloa ka phofo e tšoeu moeeng o omileng, acid e matla, e chefo, e bonolo ho bola le ho ba oxidized, e qhibiliha hanyenyane metsing a batang, e qhibilihang habonolo metsing a chesang, ethanol le ether, e sebelisetsoang ho hlatsoa. mafome a tšepe.
Oleic acid
Foromo ea molek'hule C17H33COOH, lebitso la saense octaenoic acid, oleic acid ea indasteri ke haholo-holo ea limela le ea liphoofolo, e bobebe ho feta metsi a pepeneneng a oli, e ka tiisoa hore e be likristale tse kang nale ha ho pholile, sebaka se qhibilihisang se ka bang likhato tse 14, se sebelisetsoang ho etsa oleic acid. sesepa le ntho e honyehang.
Asiti ea tannic
Foromo ea molek'hule C14H10O9, liindasteri tse nang le phofshoana ea tannic acid 65% -85%, mokelikeli ka kakaretso o na le 30% -35%, phofshoana e mosehla kapa e bobebe e mosehla amorphous, butle-butle e ntšo moeeng, tannic acid e metsi ke mokelikeli o lefifi o lefifi, Concentration ke hoo e ka bang 20-22 degrees E-ba, ho pepesehela moea nako e telele ho senyeha, Ho hlahisa pula e sootho e khanyang, e qhibilihang ka metsing a chesang, e ke keng ea qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, 'me e tšoela tartar e sebelisoang e le dae e fokolang ea acid bath acid, dae ea nylon e sa nke lehlakore. se lokisa.
2. Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide (soda ea caustic)
Foromo ea molek'hule NaOH, sodium hydroxide content e tiileng 95-99.5%, mokelikeli 30-45%, sodium hydroxide e tiileng e tšoeu, e bonolo ho deliquize, e qhibilihang ka metsing e ntša mocheso o phahameng, e senyang haholo, e ka etsa hore likhoele tsa liphoofolo li robehe, li ka baka cheso e matla. letlalo, ho bonolo ho monya carbon dioxide moeeng ho ea ho sodium carbonate, setshelo e lokela ho ba linotsi, E sebelisoa e le solvent bakeng sa ho fokotsa lidae le e le ntho ea ho hloekisa bakeng sa ho tlosa 'mala ka mor'a ho daea ka bongata.
Sodium carbonate (molora oa soda)
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2CO3, anhydrous sodium carbonate ke phofo ea 'mala kapa granular e ntle, e monya metsi le carbon dioxide moeeng, e bokellana ebe e etsa sodium bicarbonate, e qhibilihang ka metsing, sodium carbonate e nang le metsi e na le karolo e le' ngoe ea metsi, likarolo tse supileng tsa metsi, likarolo tse leshome tsa metsi a mararo. .E sebelisoa e le thuso ea ho hlatsoa boea, dae e otlolohileng, dae e dailoeng ka k'hothone le thuso ea ho daea fiber ea viscose, sesebelisoa sa ho lokisa dae, boea ba carbonization neutralizer.
Ammonium hydroxide (metsi a ammonia)
Foromo ea molek'hule NH4OH, mokelikeli o se nang 'mala o hlakileng kapa o mosehla hanyenyane, o na le monko o monate, o ka etsa hore batho ba lle, o lokela ho tšoaroa ka setshelo se tiisitsoeng, ho bonolo ho senyeha ho ba ammonia ha ho futhumala, ho atolosoa ha molumo ho bonolo ho phatloha setshelo, e-ba hlokolosi. ho etsa hore setshelo sa ammonia se futhumale kapa se be le letsatsi le otlolohileng.E sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho hlatsoa, se se nang letho ka mor'a ho daea ka lidae tse kopanyang acid.
Triethanolamine
Foromo ea molek'hule N(OH2CH2OH)3, mokelikeli oa viscous o se nang 'mala, monko oa ammonia hanyenyane, o mosehla habonolo ha o le moeeng, hygrhygability, qhibiliha ka metsing, e senyang ho ea koporo le aluminium, e sebelisoa e le neutralizer bakeng sa urea aldehyde, cyanaldehyde resin condensation ea pele.
Hydrogen peroxide
Foromo ea molek'hule H2O2, tharollo ea metsi ea indasteri e nang le 30-40%, metsi a se nang 'mala kapa a mosehla a halefisang, a bonolo ho senya oksijene, haeba ho na le acid e nyenyane ka tharollo, tharollo e batla e tsitsitse, kahoo e nyenyane ea acetic acid. kapa phosphoric acid ho baetsi ba lihlahisoa, joalo ka ho eketsa ammonia kapa alkali e 'ngoe ho tharollo, oksijene ka potlako, e na le matla a matla a oxidation, Tharollo e tsitsitseng e ka baka ho halefa ha letlalo, hobane e bolokiloe sebakeng se pholileng se nang le moea o lefifi, qoba letsatsi le tobileng, le sebelisoang e le bleach.
Dichromate ea sodium
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2Cr7O7.2H2O, sodium bichromate content ea hoo e ka bang 98%, kristale e khanyang ea lamunu-red, ke oxidizing agent, acid ka mocheso o phahameng oa oksijene, o bonolo ho mongobo, o khubelu, o chefo, o lokela ho behoa ka sejaneng se tiisitsoeng, se sebelisoang e le dae e nang le asiti e mahareng, dae ea sebabole ka mor'a ho daea ntho e etsang oxidizing.
Potassium bichromate
Foromo ea molek'hule K2Cr2O7, kristale e khubelu ea lamunu, ke ntho e nang le oxidizing, e seng bonolo ho deliquescent, e chefo, e lokela ho bolokoa ka sejaneng se tiisitsoeng, se sebelisoang e le mordant bakeng sa lidae tse mahareng tsa acid.
Potassium permanganate
Foromo ea molek'hule KMnO4, pherese metallic luster granular kapa acicular crystals, ke ntho e matla ea oxidizing, e lokela ho bolokoa ka sejaneng se koetsoeng, se sebelisetsoang phekolo ea boea ba ho fokotseha.
Sodium perborate
Foromo ea molek'hule NaBO3.4H2O, sodium perborate content 96%, tšoeu granular kristale kapa phofo, 'me joale omileng batang moea botsitso,' me joale chesang le mongobo moea bola ha oksijene, mongobo ke bonolo ho aggregate decomposition, lokela ho bolokoa ka setshelo tiisitsoe, e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa oxidizing ka mor'a ho daea fiber ea viscose ka dae ea sulfide.
Hypochlorite ea sodium
Foromo ea molek'hule NaClO, e sa tsitsang haholo, e mosehla, 'me e qhibiliha ka metsing, sehlahisoa hangata ke tharollo ea metsi a alkaline, ha e na 'mala ho isa ho mosehla hanyenyane, e nkhang hamonate, e senya litšepe ka lebaka la k'hothone, lihlahisoa tsa boea bo soeufalang le boea bo honyehang.
4. E khanyang
Moemeli oa bosoeu ba fluorescent VBL
Mofuta oa Stilbene triazine, ke oa dae e tobileng ea anionic, ts'ebetso ea hae ea ho daea ha e le hantle e ts'oana le dae e tobileng, e ka sebelisa letsoai, phofo ea sodium ho khothaletsa ho daea, ho daea butle ka mokhoa oa ho daea, phofo e mosehla e bobebe, 'mala o boputsoa bo boputsoa, o qhibiliha ka makhetlo a 80. palo ea metsi a bonolo, metsi a qhibilihisitsoeng e lokela ho ba alkaline hanyenyane kapa bohareng, bate ea dae e nang le alkaline e bohareng kapa e nyenyane PH 8-9 ke eona e loketseng ka ho fetisisa, ho hanyetsa acid ho PH 6, Alkali e hanyetsanang le PH 11, e hanyetsanang le metsi a thata 300ppm, eseng. e hanyetsanang le li-ion tsa tšepe tse kang koporo le tšepe, e ka kopanngoa le li-anionic le li-non-ionic surfactants, lidae tse tobileng le tse nang le asiti tsa anionic, empa ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa le lidae tsa cationic, cationic surfactants le 'mele oa pele oa resin ka bateng e le' ngoe, e loketseng lihlahisoa tsa cellulose tse tšoeu kapa tse khanyang, palo e lokela ho ba e loketseng, bosoeu bo feteletseng bo fokotseha kapa bo mosehla, 'me ho loketse ho sebelisa li-fiber tsa cellulose tse fetang 0.4%.
Fluorescent whitening agent VBU
Mofuta oa styrene triazine, phofo e mosehla o bobebe, 'mala o pherese o boputsoa, o qhibiliha ka metsing, anionic, ho hanyetsa acid ho PH2-3, ho hanyetsa alkali ho PH10, ho ka sebelisoa ka li-anionic, li-non-ionic surfactants, li-dae tsa cationic, li-synthetic resin resin qalong. bath, empa e ke ke ea sebelisoa ka lidae tsa cationic le li-additives tsa cationic ka bateng e le 'ngoe, e loketseng bakeng sa cellulosic fiber whitening, Bleaching ka resin finishing le ka sebopeho sa asiti ka bateng e tšoanang.
Fluorescent whitening agent DT
Benzoxazole derivatives, e khonang ho ba le li-acid tse matla le alkalis, e qhibilihang ka har'a ethanol, 'mala ke cyan pherese, e sa nke lehlakore e seng ionizing e qhalakantsoeng mosehla o mosoeu emulsion, e ka kopanngoa le metsi ka tekanyo efe kapa efe, hobane joala ba polyvinyl hangata bo sebelisoa lihlahisoa tsa emulsion e le tšireletso. colloid, 'me condensates le tse sa tšoaneng matsoai, kahoo ho molemo ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa ka ho se nke lehlakore kapa hanyenyane asiti bateng.Emulsion ea DT e kopantsoe le dispersant N0.5% kapa ho feta moo, polokelong e lokisa ketsahalo, ha e sebelisoa e lokela ho kopanngoa ka botlalo ho netefatsa hore mahloriso a ka sebelisoa bakeng sa polyester, nylon le likhoele tse ling le masela a kopantsoeng a bleaching, kamora 140-160. likhato, metsotso e 2 ea phekolo e phahameng ea mocheso e le hore e ka phetha karolo ea ho soeufala ka botlalo.
Moemeli oa bosoeu ba fluorescent WG
Phofo e mosehla, 'mala ke leseli le leputsoa le botala, tharollo ea metsi ha e nke lehlakore, anionic surfactant, ho hanyetsa acid, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata, tšepe le koporo li na le phello e tšoeu, e qhibilihisoa feela ha e sebelisoa, ha ho bonolo ho boloka tharollo, e sebelisetsoang boea le bosoeu ba nylon.
Fluorescent whitening agent BCD
Pyrazoline, phofo e mosehla e khanyang, fluorescence e pherese hanyenyane, e ke keng ea qhibiliha ka metsing, e ka qhalakanngoa ka ho lekana ka metsi, ho emisoa ho tsitsitseng, e ka boela ea qhibiliha ka ethanol, dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol, ether, joalo-joalo, e seng ionic, tharollo ea eona ea 1% ea metsi e batla e sa nke lehlakore, e sebelisetsoa ho khantša acrylic e tšoeu le fiber e mebala e khanyang.
5. Reductant
Sodium sulfide (alkali sulfide)
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2S.9H2O, sodium sulfide content 60%, yellow or orange red block, bolile lehe monko, bonolo ho monya mongobo moeeng le oxidize ka sodium thiosulfate, qhibilihang ka metsing ke alkaline ka matla, corrosion ho koporo, sebelisoa e le oxidizing. motsoako oa dae.
Phofo ea inshorense (sodium hyposulfite)
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2S2O4, lihlahisoa tsa phofo ea inshorense ea indasteri 85-95%, thepa ha e na metsi a kristale bakeng sa kristale e ntle e tšoeu;Phofo e entsoeng ka kuku e na le tatso e bolila e hlabang;Qoba mongobo, mocheso kapa ho pepeseha moeeng, ho thibela oxidation le liphello tse ling tsa ho hlōleha, ho bolokoa ka setsing se tiisitsoeng, bopaki ba mongobo, mocheso oa mocheso, ho senyeha ha anti-oxidation;E na le matla a matla a ho fokotsa, 'me metsi a tla chesa;E sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho hlobola bakeng sa masela a dailoeng le moemeli oa ho tlosa mebala e phaphametseng ka mor'a ho daea polyester.
Phofo ea moriri e soeufalitsoeng
Ke motsoako oa phofo ea inshorense ea 60% le 40% sodium pyrophosphate, phofo e tšoeu, e lokelang ho bolokoa ka sejaneng se tiisitsoeng, mocheso, mongobo, oxidation le ho senyeha, ho bonolo ho baka ho chesa kapa ho phatloha ka mor'a mocheso, ke moemeli oa ho fokotsa, bleaching e matla. phello, e sebelisoang ka boea bo hloekisitsoeng, silika joalo-joalo.
Glyph phofo (glyph block, sodium bisulfate formaldehyde)
Foromo ea molek'hule NaHSO2.CH2O.2H2O, lihlahisoa tse tšoeu tsa phofo 98%, phofo e tšoeu ea crystalline kapa thibela, e lokelang ho bolokoa ka setsing se tiisitsoeng, mocheso, mongobo, bakeng sa ho fokotsa phekolo ea boea, indasteri ea khatiso ea k'hothone ha ho etsoa khatiso ea khatiso. ho fokotsa, ho daea lesela la ho hlobolisa.
sodium bisulfite
Foromo ea molek'hule NaHSO3, kristale e tšoeu kapa phofo e kristale, monko oa sebabole dioxide, e qhibilihang ka metsing, ho qhibiliha ha metsi a alkaline habonolo, ho nolofalloa habonolo, oxidized ho sulfate moeeng, ho bolokoa ka sejaneng se tiisitsoeng, se sebelisoang e le lesela la boea ba lik'hemik'hale tse behang lik'hemik'hale, boea ba ho honyela.
Sodium sulfite
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2SO3, e qhibilihang ka metsing, e bonolo ho oxidized ke moea sulfate, ho le bonolo ho lahleheloa ke metsi ho fetoha phofo e tšoeu ea kristale, e bolokiloeng ka lijaneng tse tiisitsoeng, e sebelisoang e le moemeli oa boea ba lesela la lik'hemik'hale le moemeli oa boea ba shrinkage.
6. Matsoai
Sodium chloride (letsoai la tafole)
Foromo ea molek'hule NaCl, e tšoeu crystalline, deliquescent, e sebelisoang e le accelerant bakeng sa ka ho toba, vulcanized, reactive, fokotsa dae, le e le regenerant bakeng sa ion phapanyetsano ka nolofatsa metsi.
Acetate ea sodium
Foromo ea molek'hule CH3COONa.3H2O, liindasteri sodium acetate e nang le metsi a mararo a crystalline hoo e ka bang 60% ea sodium acetate, e qhibilihang ka metsing, e bonolo ho boemo ba leholimo moeeng, anhydrous sodium acetate e le phofo e tšoeu, e sebelisoang e le neutralizer ka mor'a ho daea lidae tse rarahaneng tsa acid;Acicic e daeeng ka cationic ke sekoaelo sa ho tsitsisa boleng ba PH.
Cupric sulfate
Foromo ea molek'hule CuSO4.5H2O, e nang le metsi a 5 a crystalline ke kristale e putsoa e lefifi, ha ho na metsi a kristale a phofo e putsoa, e chefo, e qhibilihang ka metsing, e sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa sa ho lokisa ka mor'a ho daea ka ho toba ka koporo ea letsoai.
Ammonium sulfate
Foromo ea molek'hule (NH4) 2SO4, likristale tse nyane tse tšoeu kapa tse mosehla, tse sebelisoang e le dae e fokolang ea acid bath, dae ea acid e sa nke lehlakore, sesebelisoa sa ho daea se sa nke lehlakore, urea aldehyde, catalyst ea cyanaldehyde resin.
Ammonium acetate
Foromo ea molek'hule CH3COONH4, kristale e tšoeu kapa kristale block, e monate habonolo, monko o monate, o qhibiliha habonolo ka metsing, tharollo ea metsi ke acidic reaction, ho bola ha mocheso ho ba acetic acid le ammonia, hangata ka acetic acid le tharollo ea ammonia, e sebelisoang e le asiti e fokolang ea asiti. thuso ea dae.
Sodium hexametaphosphate
Foromo ea molek'hule (NaPO3)6, flake e se nang 'mala e pepeneneng kapa granular e tšoeu, e bonolo ea deliquination, moeeng e tla kolobisoa, e tšeloa ka har'a disodium phosphate, e sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa sa ho nolofatsa metsi.
Ammonium chloride
Foromo ea limolek'hule NH4Cl, kristale e tšoeu e bosoeu, ho bola ha mocheso ho ba NH3 le HCl, e sebelisoang e le sesosa sa ho phethoa ha resin.
Magnesium chloride
Foromo ea molek'hule MgCl2.6H2O, kristale ea monoclinic e tšoeu e monate, e qhibilihang ka metsing, e sebelisoang e le mokhoa oa ho etsa hore resin e phethoe.
Sodium pyrophosphate molecular formula Na4P4O7.10H2O, kristale ea monoclinic, e qhibilihisitsoeng ka metsing, e belang ka disodium hydrogen phosphate, tharollo ea metsi ke alkaline.E sebelisoa e le stabilizer bakeng sa bleaching ea hydrogen peroxide.
Tartarite (potasiamo tartrate)
Foromo ea molek'hule K(SbO)C4H4O6.1/2H2O, potasiamo tartrate content 98%, kristale e sa bonahaleng e se nang mebala kapa phofo e tšoeu ea granular, e chefo, e tla ba moeeng, e qhibilihe ka metsing, tharollo ea metsi e na le asiti hanyenyane, e lokela ho tšoaroa ka setshelo se tiisitsoeng ho thibela ho kaka, ho kopantswe le tannic acid e e le acid e fokolang bath acid dae, ho se nke lehlakore complexing dae daea nylon mala ho beha moemeli.
Sodium sulfate
Foromo ea molek'hule Na2SO4, thepa e nang le metsi a leshome a crystalline sodium sulfate (crystallization e hlakileng ka har'a boloko kapa nale) le likhoerekhoere tsa sodium sulfate (phofo e tšoeu), e se nang monko, e letsoai le e babang, e qhibilihang ka metsing, e sebelisoa e le lidae tse tobileng, lidae tsa sebabole, tse sebetsang hantle. lidae, moemeli oa khothaletso ea lidae tsa VAT, moemeli oa ho daea butle oa lidae tsa asiti, li-synthetic detergent tse hlatsoang boea synergist.
7.Abluent
Sesepa sa mercerizing
Ke motsoako oa mafura a mafura a sodium letsoai la C17H35COONa le C17H33COONa, anionic surfactant, decontamination e ntle le emulsification effect, ha e hanyetsane le metsi a thata, hydrolysis e bonolo ea tharollo ea metsi.
601 Detergent molecular formula CnH2n+1SO3Na, palo e tloaelehileng ea liathomo tsa carbon ke 16, anionic surfactant, leseli le sootho le mosehla, le qhibilihang habonolo metsing, hoo e ka bang alkyl sodium sulfonate (AS) 25%, sodium chloride 5%, metsi 70%, 1 % tharollo ea metsi PH boleng ke 7-9, matla a matla a thibelang, acid, alkali, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata.
Sesepa sa indasteri
Anionic surfactant, beige powder, e qhibilihang habonolo ka metsing, hoo e ka bang e nang le sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (AAS) 30%, sodium sulfate 68%, metsi 2%, 1% ea tharollo e nang le metsi PH boleng ba 7-9, ho hloekisa, ho kenella, emulsification le thepa e 'ngoe e ntle haholo, acid, alkali, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata, ho hanyetsa mongobo ho matla, empa bokhoni ba ho thibela litšila ka ho khomarela bo futsanehile.E ka ntlafatsoa ka tekanyo e nyane ea carboxymethyl cellulose.
Moemeli oa ho hloekisa LS (Moemeli oa ho hloekisa MA)
Mafura a amide p-methoxybenzenesulfonate sodium, anionic surfactant, phofo e sootho, e qhibilihang habonolo ka metsing, 1% ea tharollo ea metsi ha e nke lehlakore, e ka ba e hlatsuoa ka metsi a bonolo kapa ka metsi a thata, ho kenella ha eona, ts'ebetso ea phallo e ntle, 'me e na le emulsification, leveling effect, acid. , alkali, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata.
209 Sehlapa
N, N-fatty acyl methyl taurine sodium, anionic surfactant, tharollo ha e nke lehlakore, mokelikeli o mosehla o mosehla oa colloidal, o qhibilihang habonolo metsing, 1% ea tharollo ea metsi a PH ea 7.2-8, e nang le hoo e ka bang 20% ea lintho tse hlatsuoang, tse hlatsoang, ho leka-lekanya, ho phunyeletsa le bokhoni ba emulsification bo botle, acid, alkali, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata.
Sesepa sa 105 (Sehloekisi sa R5)
Ke motsoako oa polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ether 24%, polyoxyethylene phenyl alkyl phenol ether 10-12%, oli ea kokonate alkyl alkyl amide 24% le metsi 40%, non-ionic surfactant, mokelikeli o mosootho o bobebe, karolo e sebetsang ea 60% habonolo, ka metsing, 1% ea tharollo e nang le metsi a PH e ka bang 9, e nang le ho koloba, ho kenella, emulsification, diffusion, foaming, degreasing le lintho tse ling.
Ramibon A (613 sesepa)
Mafura a acyl amino acid sodium, mafura a acid chloride le protheine hydrolytic lihlahisoa, anionic surfactants, bakeng sa mokelikeli o motenya o sootho, karolo e sebetsang e akaretsang ke 40%, e qhibilihang habonolo metsing, 1% ea tharollo ea metsi a PH e ka bang 8, monko oa amino acid, khanyetso ea alkali, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata, ha ho na acid e hanyetsang, e sebelisoang e le sesebelisoa sa ho hloekisa le emulsifier, matla a fokolang a ho senya, hape a etsa lidae tse tobileng, li-dae tse vulcanized homogenizer.
Sesebelisoa sa ho hlatsoa JU
Ethylene oxide imidazole derivatives, non-ionic surfactants, na le hantle wetting, dispersing, emulsifying le liphello tse ling, loketseng ho hlatsoa ka mocheso tlaase 30-50 likhato, leseli mosehla viscous ponaletso mokelikeli, 1% aqueous PH boleng 5-6, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata. , ho hanyetsa alkali, ho hanyetsa acid, bokhoni bo botle ba ho hlatsoa le ho kolobisa, 'me ho na le phallo, emulsification, phello ea boemo bo holimo, e ka kopanngoa le li-surfactants tse sa tšoaneng le dae,' me hangata e sebelisetsoa ho hloekisa masela a boea le phekolo ea pele ea ho daea ea acrylic, e ka khonang. etsa dae ea cationic e dae ka ho lekana.
Nako ea poso: Jul-01-2024
