Lik'hemik'hale le mokhoa oa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen metsing

1. Ammonia nitrogen ke eng?

Ammonia nitrogen e bolela ammonia ka mokgwa wa ammonia ya mahala (kapa non-ionic ammonia, NH3) kapa ionic ammonia (NH4+).pH e phahameng le karolo e phahameng ea ammonia ea mahala;Ho fapana le hoo, karolo ea letsoai la ammonium e phahame.

Ammonia nitrogen ke limatlafatsi tse metsing, tse ka lebisang ho eutrophication ea metsi, 'me ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e senyang oksijene metsing, e leng chefo ho litlhapi le linthong tse ling tse phelang metsing.

Phello e ka sehloohong e kotsi ea ammonia nitrogen linthong tse phelang metsing ke ammonia ea mahala, eo chefo ea eona e leng makhetlo a mangata ho feta ea letsoai la ammonium, 'me e eketseha ka ho eketseha ha alkalinity.Ammonia naetrojene toxicity e haufi-ufi amanang le pH boleng le mocheso metsi a letamo metsi, ka kakaretso, phahameng pH boleng le mocheso metsi, le matla toxicity.

Mekhoa e 'meli e lekanyelitsoeng ea sensitivity colorimetric e sebelisoang hangata ho fumana ammonia ke mokhoa oa khale oa Nessler reagent le phenol-hypochlorite.Li-titration le mekhoa ea motlakase le tsona li sebelisoa hangata ho fumana ammonia;Ha boemo ba ammonia nitrogen bo le hodimo, mokgwa wa distillation titration o ka boela wa sebediswa.(Maemo a naha a kenyelletsa mokhoa oa Nath oa reagent, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - titration method)

2.Mokhoa oa ho tlosa naetrojene ea 'mele le lik'hemik'hale

① Mokhoa oa ho na ka lik'hemik'hale

Chemical precipitation method, e tsejoang hape e le MAP precipitation method, ke ho eketsa magnesium le phosphoric acid kapa hydrogen phosphate metsing a litšila a nang le ammonia nitrogen, e le hore NH4+ e ka metsing a litšila e sebetsane le Mg+ le PO4- ka tharollo ea metsi ho hlahisa pula ea ammonium magnesium phosphate. , foromo ea molek'hule ke MgNH4P04.6H20, e le ho finyella morero oa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen.Magnesium ammonium phosphate, eo hangata e tsejoang e le struvite, e ka sebelisoa joalo ka mosuela, motsoako oa mobu kapa se thibelang mollo bakeng sa ho aha lihlahisoa tsa sebopeho.Reaction equation ke e latelang:

Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04

Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang phello ea phekolo ea ho na ha lik'hemik'hale ke boleng ba pH, mocheso, ammonia nitrogen concentration le molar ratio (n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)).Liphetho li bontša hore ha pH boleng e le 10 le molar ratio ea magnesium, nitrogen le phosphorus ke 1.2:1:1.2, phello ea phekolo e molemo.

Ka ho sebelisa magnesium chloride le disodium hydrogen phosphate e le li-precipitating agents, liphetho li bontša hore phello ea phekolo e molemo ha pH ea boleng e le 9.5 le tekanyo ea molar ea magnesium, nitrogen le phosphorus ke 1.2: 1: 1.

Liphetho li bonts'a hore MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 e phahametse metsoako e meng ea li-agent.Ha pH ea boleng e le 10.0, mocheso ke 30℃, n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)= 1:1:1, bongata ba ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila ka mor'a ho sisinyeha ka metsotso e 30 bo fokotsehile. ho tloha ho 222mg / L pele ho phekolo ho ea ho 17mg / L, 'me sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ke 92.3%.

Mokhoa oa ho tsitsa ha lik'hemik'hale le mokhoa oa lera la metsi li ile tsa kopanngoa bakeng sa phekolo ea metsi a litšila a ammonia a ammonia a indasteri.Tlas'a maemo a ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea pula, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen se fihlile ho 98.1%, 'me ka mor'a moo, phekolo e tsoelang pele ka mokhoa oa filimi ea metsi e fokotsa motsoako oa ammonia nitrogen ho 0.005g/L, ho fihlela boemo ba naha ea boemo ba pele.

Phello ea ho tlosoa ha li-ion tsa tšepe tsa divalent (Ni +, Mn +, Zn +, Cu +, Fe +) ntle le Mg + ka ammonia nitrogen tlas'a ketso ea phosphate e ile ea batlisisoa.Ts'ebetso e ncha ea pula ea CaSO4-MAP e hlahisitsoe bakeng sa metsi a litšila a ammonium sulfate.Liphetho li bontša hore molaoli oa setso oa NaOH o ka nkeloa sebaka ke lime.

Molemo oa mokhoa oa ho noa ha lik'hemik'hale ke hore ha metsi a litšila a ammonia a naetrojene a le holimo, tšebeliso ea mekhoa e meng e lekanyelitsoe, joalo ka mokhoa oa likokoana-hloko, mokhoa oa ho senya chlorination, mokhoa oa ho arohana ha membrane, mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea ion, joalo-joalo. mokhoa oa ho na oa lik'hemik'hale o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea pele.Ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa mokhoa oa ho noa ha lik'hemik'hale e molemo, 'me ha e felle ka mocheso,' me ts'ebetso e bonolo.Letlapa le nang le magnesium ammonium phosphate le ka sebelisoa e le manyolo a kopantsoeng ho hlokomela ts'ebeliso ea litšila, kahoo ho fokotsa karolo ea litšenyehelo;Haeba e ka kopanngoa le likhoebo tse ling tsa indasteri tse hlahisang metsi a litšila a phosphate le likhoebo tse hlahisang letsoai, li ka boloka litšenyehelo tsa meriana le ho tsamaisa ts'ebeliso e kholo.

Bothata ba mokhoa oa ho fokotsa lik'hemik'hale ke hore ka lebaka la thibelo ea sehlahisoa sa solubility ea ammonium magnesium phosphate, ka mor'a hore ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila e fihle boemong bo itseng, phello ea ho tlosoa ha e totobetse 'me litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya li eketseha haholo.Ka hona, mokhoa oa ho na ka lik'hemik'hale o lokela ho sebelisoa hammoho le mekhoa e meng e loketseng phekolo e tsoetseng pele.Palo ea reagent e sebelisoang e kholo, seretse se hlahisoang se seholo, 'me litšenyehelo tsa phekolo li holimo.Ho kenngoa ha li-ion tsa chloride le phosphorous e setseng nakong ea ho noa lik'hemik'hale ho ka baka tšilafalo ea bobeli habonolo.

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② mokhoa oa ho tima

Ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ka mokhoa oa ho foka ke ho fetola boleng ba pH ho alkaline, e le hore ammonia ion metsing a litšila e fetohe ammonia, e le hore e be teng haholo ka mokhoa oa ammonia ea mahala, ebe ammonia ea mahala e ntšoa. ea metsi a litšila ka khase e tsamaisang thepa, e le ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen.Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang katleho ea ho foka ke boleng ba pH, mocheso, karo-karolelano ea metsi a khase, sekhahla sa phallo ea khase, khatello ea pele joalo-joalo.Hona joale, mokhoa oa ho phunya o sebelisoa haholo ho phekola metsi a litšila a nang le ammonia nitrogen e ngata.

Ho ile ha ithutoa hore ho tlosoe ammonia nitrogen ho tsoa ho leachate ea thōle ka mokhoa oa ho foka.Ho ile ha fumanoa hore lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse laolang katleho ea ho phatloha ke mocheso, tekanyo ea khase-metsi le pH ea boleng.Ha mocheso oa metsi o feta 2590, karo-karolelano ea khase-mokelikeli o ka bang 3500, 'me pH e ka ba 10.5, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa se ka fihla ho feta 90% bakeng sa leachate ea ho qhala mobu e nang le ammonia nitrogen concentration e ka holimo ho 2000-4000mg / L.Liphetho li bontša hore ha pH = 11.5, mocheso oa ho hlobolisa ke 80cC le nako ea ho hlobola ke 120min, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila se ka fihla ho 99.2%.

Bokhoni ba ho foka ha metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen bo ile ba etsoa ke tora e fefohang.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ts'ebetso ea ho foka e eketsehile ka keketseho ea boleng ba pH.Ha karo-karolelano ea khase-mokelikeli e le kholoanyane, matla a susumetsang a ammonia stripping mass phetisetso e ntse e eketseha, 'me katleho ea ho hlobola le eona ea eketseha.

Ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ka mokhoa oa ho foka hoa sebetsa, ho bonolo ho sebetsa le ho laola habonolo.Ammonia nitrogen e phetliloeng e ka sebelisoa e le se monyang se nang le sulfuric acid, 'me chelete e hlahisoang ea sulfuric acid e ka sebelisoa e le manyolo.Mokhoa oa ho phatloha ke theknoloji e sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa ho tlosa naetrojene ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale hajoale.Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa ho fehla moea o na le mefokolo e itseng, joalo ka ho eketsa khafetsa tora e fehloang ke moea, bokhoni bo tlase ba ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen mocheso o tlase, le tšilafalo ea bobeli e bakoang ke khase e fehloang.Mokhoa oa ho foka hangata o kopanngoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ea ammonia nitrogen ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a mangata.

③Break point chlorination

Mokhoa oa ho tlosoa ha ammonia ka chlorination ea khefu ke hore khase ea chlorine e kopana le ammonia ho hlahisa khase e se nang kotsi ea naetrojene, 'me N2 e balehela sepakapakeng, e etsa hore mohloli oa karabelo o tsoele pele ka ho le letona.Foromo ea karabelo ke:

HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)

Ha khase ea chlorine e fetisetsoa metsing a litšila ho ea sebakeng se itseng, litaba tsa chlorine e sa lefelloeng ka metsing li tlaase, 'me motsoako oa ammonia ke zero.Ha palo ea khase ea chlorine e feta ntlha, palo ea chlorine e sa lefelloeng ka metsing e tla eketseha, ka hona, ntlha e bitsoa sebaka sa khefu, 'me chlorination naheng ena e bitsoa khefu ea chlorination.

Mokhoa oa khefutso oa chlorination o sebelisoa ho phekola metsi a litšila a ho cheka ka mor'a ho foka ha ammonia nitrogen, 'me phello ea phekolo e angoa ka ho toba ke mokhoa oa ho phethola ammonia nitrogen.Ha 70% ea ammonia nitrogen e ka metsing a litšila e tlosoa ka mokhoa oa ho foka ebe e phekoloa ka break point chlorination, bongata ba ammonia nitrogen ka har'a litšila bo ka tlase ho 15mg/L.Zhang Shengli et al.e nkile metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a nang le boima ba 100mg/L e le ntho ea lipatlisiso, 'me liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore lintlha tse kholo le tsa bobeli tse amang ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ka oxidation ea sodium hypochlorite e ne e le tekanyo ea bongata ba chlorine ho ammonia nitrogen, nako ea ho arabela, le boleng ba pH.

Mokhoa oa khefutso oa chlorination o na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho tlosa naetrojene, sekhahla sa ho tlosa se ka fihla ho 100%, 'me khatello ea ammonia metsing a litšila e ka fokotsoa ho fihlela ho zero.Phello e tsitsitse ebile ha e amehe ke mocheso;Lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa lichelete, karabelo e potlakileng le e feletseng;E na le phello ea sterilization le disinfection 'meleng oa metsi.Sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea mokhoa oa khefutso ea chlorination ke hore metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a ka tlase ho 40mg/L, kahoo mokhoa oa khefutso oa chlorination o sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa kalafo e tsoetseng pele ea metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen.Tlhokahalo ea tšebeliso e bolokehileng le polokelo e phahame, litšenyehelo tsa kalafo li holimo, 'me lihlahisoa tsa chloramine le li-organic chlorinated li tla baka tšilafalo ea bobeli.

④ mokhoa oa catalytic oxidation

Catalytic oxidation mokhoa ke ka ketso ea catalyst, tlas'a mocheso o itseng le khatello, ka moea oxidation, lintho tse phelang le ammonia ka likhoerekhoere ka oxidized le decomposed ka lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang CO2, N2 le H2O, ho finyella morero oa tlhoekiso.

Lintlha tse amang phello ea catalytic oxidation ke litšoaneleho tsa catalyst, mocheso, nako ea karabelo, boleng ba pH, khatello ea ammonia nitrogen, khatello, matla a susumetsang joalo-joalo.

Mokhoa oa ho senyeha ha ozonated ammonia nitrogen o ile oa ithutoa.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ha boleng ba pH bo eketseha, ho ile ha hlahisoa mofuta oa HO radical o nang le bokhoni bo matla ba oxidation, mme sekhahla sa oxidation se ile sa potlaka haholo.Liphuputso li bontša hore ozone e ka oxidize ammonia nitrogen ho nitrite le nitrite ho nitrate.Motsoako oa ammonia nitrogen metsing oa fokotseha ha nako e ntse e eketseha, 'me sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ke hoo e ka bang 82%.CuO-Mn02-Ce02 e ne e sebelisoa e le motsoako o kopanyang ho phekola metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen.Liphetho tsa liteko li bonts'a hore ts'ebetso ea oxidation ea motsoako o sa tsoa lokisoa e ntlafalitsoe haholo, 'me maemo a loketseng a ts'ebetso ke 255℃, 4.2MPa le pH=10.8.Ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen ka motsoako oa pele oa 1023mg/L, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen se ka fihla ho 98% ka hare ho metsotso e 150, ho fihlela tekanyo ea naha ea bobeli (50mg/L).

Ts'ebetso e matla ea zeolite e tšehelitseng TiO2 photocatalyst e ile ea fuputsoa ka ho ithuta sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha ammonia nitrogen ka tharollo ea sulfuric acid.Liphetho li bontša hore tekanyo e nepahetseng ea Ti02/ zeolite photocatalyst ke 1.5g/L le nako ea ho arabela ke 4h tlas'a mahlaseli a ultraviolet.Sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila se ka fihla ho 98.92%.Phello ea ho tlosoa ha tšepe e phahameng le nano-chin dioxide tlas'a khanya ea ultraviolet ho phenol le ammonia nitrogen e ile ea ithutoa.Liphello li bontša hore sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ke 97.5% ha pH = 9.0 e sebelisoa ho tharollo ea ammonia nitrogen ka motsoako oa 50mg / L, e leng 7.8% le 22.5% e phahameng ho feta ea tšepe e phahameng kapa China dioxide feela.

Mokhoa oa Catalytic oxidation o na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e phahameng ea tlhoekiso, ts'ebetso e bonolo, sebaka se senyenyane se tlase, joalo-joalo, 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho phekola metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a phahameng haholo.Bothata ba kopo ke mokhoa oa ho thibela tahlehelo ea ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso ea lisebelisoa.

⑤ electrochemical oxidation mokhoa

Electrochemical oxidation method e bolela mokhoa oa ho tlosa litšila ka metsing ka ho sebelisa electrooxidation ka ts'ebetso ea catalytic.Lintlha tse susumetsang ke ho teteana ha hona joale, sekhahla sa phallo e kenang, nako ea ho tsoa le nako ea tharollo ea lintlha.

Ho ile ha ithutoa hore oxidation ea electrochemical ea ammonia-nitrogen e litšila ka selefouno e potolohang ea electrolytic e ile ea ithutoa, moo ho nepahetseng ho leng teng Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 motlakase oa marang-rang le bobe ke Ti/network network.Liphetho li bontša hore ha motsoako oa chloride ion o le 400mg/L, motsoako oa pele oa ammonia nitrogen ke 40mg/L, sekhahla sa phallo e matla ke 600mL/min, sekhahla sa hona joale ke 20mA/cm, le nako ea electrolytic ke 90min, ammonia. sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha naetrojene ke 99.37%.E bontša hore oxidation ea electrolytic ea metsi a litšila ea ammonia-nitrogen e na le tebello e ntle ea ts'ebeliso.

3. Ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa naetrojene ea biochemical

① nitrification eohle le denitrification

Whole-process nitrification le denitrification ke mofuta oa mokhoa oa baeloji o 'nileng oa sebelisoa haholo ka nako e telele hajoale.E fetola ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila hore e be naetrojene ka letoto la liketso tse kang nitrification le denitrification tlas'a ketso ea likokoana-hloko tse fapa-fapaneng, e le ho finyella sepheo sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila.Ts'ebetso ea nitrification le denitrification ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen e hloka ho feta methati e 'meli:

Nitrification reaction: Phello ea nitrification e phethoa ke likokoana-hloko tsa aerobic autotrophic.Sebakeng sa aerobic, naetrojene ea inorganic e sebelisoa e le mohloli oa naetrojene ho fetolela NH4 + ho NO2-, ebe e kenngoa ho NO3-.Ts'ebetso ea nitrification e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli.Mokhahlelong oa bobeli, nitrite e fetoloa ho nitrate (NO3-) ka libaktheria tsa nitrifying, 'me nitrite e fetoloa ho nitrate (NO3-) ka libaktheria tsa nitrifying.

Denitrification reaction: Denitrification reaction ke ts'ebetso eo ho eona libaktheria tse denitrifying li fokotsang naetrojene ea nitrite le naetrojene ea nitrate ho nitrogen ea gaseous (N2) sebakeng sa hypoxia.Libaktheria tse hlakisang ke likokoana-hloko tsa heterotrophic, tseo bongata ba tsona e leng tsa libaktheria tsa amphictic.Boemong ba hypoxia, ba sebelisa oksijene ka nitrate e le moamoheli oa elektronike le lintho tse phelang (karolo ea BOD ka likhoerekhoere) e le mofani oa elektronike ho fana ka matla le ho ba oxidized le ho tsitsisoa.

Ts'ebetso eohle ea boenjiniere ba nitrification le denitrification haholo-holo e kenyelletsa AO, A2O, foro ea oxidation, joalo-joalo, e leng mokhoa o tsoetseng pele o sebelisoang indastering ea ho tlosa naetrojene ea baeloji.

Mokhoa oohle oa nitrification le denitrification o na le melemo ea phello e tsitsitseng, ts'ebetso e bonolo, ha ho na tšilafalo ea bobeli le litšenyehelo tse tlaase.Mokhoa ona o boetse o na le litšitiso tse ling, joalo ka mohloli oa khabone o tlameha ho eketsoa ha karo-karolelano ea C/N metsing a litšila e le tlase, tlhokahalo ea mocheso e batla e le thata, katleho e tlase mochesong o tlase, sebaka se seholo, tlhoko ea oksijene. e kholo, 'me lintho tse ling tse kotsi tse kang li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima li na le phello e hatellang ho likokoana-hloko, tse lokelang ho tlosoa pele mokhoa oa likokoana-hloko o etsoa.Ho feta moo, khatello e phahameng ea ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila e boetse e na le phello e thibelang tšebetso ea nitrification.Ka hona, pele ho kalafo ho lokela ho etsoa pele ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a ammonia a nang le naetrojene e phahameng haholo e le hore metsi a litšila a ammonia a be ka tlase ho 500mg/L.Mokhoa oa setso oa baeloji o loketse kalafo ea metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a tlase a nang le lintho tse phelang, joalo ka likhoerekhoere tsa lapeng, metsi a litšila a lik'hemik'hale, jj.

②Nitrification le denitrification ka nako e le 'ngoe (SND)

Ha nitrification le denitrification li etsoa hammoho ka mochine o le mong, o bitsoa simultaneous digestion denitrification (SND).Oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng metsing a litšila e lekanyelitsoe ke sekhahla sa phallo ho hlahisa gradient ea oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng sebakeng sa tikoloho e nyane ho microbial floc kapa biofilm, e etsang hore sekhahla sa oksijene se qhibilihe ka holim'a bokantle ba microbial floc kapa biofilm e loketseng kholo le phatlalatso. ea libaktheria tsa aerobic nitrifying le libaktheria tsa ammoniating.Ha u ntse u teba ka har'a floc kapa membrane, ho theola moea oa oksijene o qhibilihileng, e leng se bakang sebaka sa anoxic moo libaktheria tsa denitrifying li busang.Kahoo ho theha ts'ebetso ea nako e le 'ngoe ea tshilo le denitrification.Lintlha tse amang tšilo ea lijo ka nako e le 'ngoe le denitrification ke boleng ba PH, mocheso, alkalinity, mohloli oa carbon organic, oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng le lilemo tsa seretse.

Nitrification / denitrification ka nako e le 'ngoe e ne e le teng ka har'a foro ea Carrousel oxidation,' me khatello ea oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng pakeng tsa mokelikeli oa aerated ka har'a foro ea oxidation ea Carrousel e ile ea fokotseha butle-butle, 'me oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng karolong e ka tlaase ea sekoti sa Carrousel oxidation e ne e le tlaase ho feta e karolong e ka holimo. .Sebopeho le litekanyetso tsa ho sebelisoa ha naetrojene ea nitrate karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mocha li batla li lekana, 'me motsoako oa ammonia nitrogen mocha o lula o le tlaase haholo, e leng se bontšang hore liketso tsa nitrification le denitrification li etsahala ka nako e le' ngoe mocha oa oxidation oa Carrousel.

Boithuto bo mabapi le kalafo ea likhoerekhoere tsa ka tlung bo bonts'a hore ha CODCr e phahame, ke moo ho hlakisoa ha likhoerekhoere ka botlalo le ho tlosa TN ho betere.Phello ea oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng ka nako e le 'ngoe ea nitrification le denitrification e ntle haholo.Ha oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng e laoloa ho 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, phello e feletseng ea ho tlosa naetrojene e ntle.Ka nako e ts'oanang, mokhoa oa nitrification le denitrification o boloka motlakase, o khutsufatsa nako ea ho arabela, o na le tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla, o boloka matsete, 'me o bonolo ho boloka pH ea boleng bo tsitsitse.

③ Tšilo ea lijo ea nako e khuts'oane le denitrification

Sebakeng se tšoanang, libaktheria tsa ammonia oxidizing li sebelisetsoa ho oxidize ammonia ho nitrite tlas'a maemo a aerobic, 'me joale nitrite e hanyetsoa ka ho toba ho hlahisa naetrojene e nang le lintho tse phelang kapa mohloli oa ka ntle oa carbon e le mofani oa elektronike tlas'a maemo a hypoxia.Lintlha tse susumetsang tsa nitrification ea nako e khuts'oane le denitrification ke mocheso, ammonia ea mahala, boleng ba pH le oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng.

Phello ea mocheso ho nitrification ea nako e khuts'oane ea likhoerekhoere tsa masepala ntle le metsi a leoatle le likhoerekhoere tsa masepala ka 30% ea metsi a leoatle.Liphetho tsa liteko li bontša hore: bakeng sa likhoerekhoere tsa masepala ntle le metsi a leoatle, ho eketsa mocheso ho thusa ho fihlela nitrification ea nako e khuts'oane.Ha karolo ea metsi a leoatle ka likhoerekhoere tsa ka tlung e le 30%, naetrification ea nako e khuts'oane e ka finyelloa hamolemo tlas'a maemo a mocheso a mahareng.Delft University of Technology e ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea SHARON, tšebeliso ea mocheso o phahameng (hoo e ka bang 30-4090) e thusa ho ata ha libaktheria tsa nitrite, e le hore libaktheria tsa nitrite li lahleheloe ke tlhōlisano, ha li ntse li laola lilemo tsa sludge ho felisa libaktheria tsa nitrite, kahoo hore karabelo ea nitrification sethaleng sa nitrite.

Ho itšetlehile ka phapang ea kamano ea oksijene pakeng tsa libaktheria tsa nitrite le libaktheria tsa nitrite, Laboratori ea Gent Microbial Ecology e ile ea hlahisa mokhoa oa OLAND ho finyella ho bokellana ha nitrite nitrogen ka ho laola oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng ho felisa libaktheria tsa nitrite.

Liphetho tsa liteko tsa liteko tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila ka nako e khuts'oane ea nitrification le denitrification li bonts'a hore ha COD e nang le tšusumetso, ammonia nitrogen, TN le phenol concentrations ke 1201.6,510.4,540.1 le 110.4mg/L, karolelano ea effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen, ammonia , TN le phenol concentrations ke 197.1,14.2,181.5 le 0.4mg / L, ka ho latellana.Litefiso tse tsamaellanang tsa ho tlosa e ne e le 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% le 99.6%, ka ho latellana.

Nako e khuts'oane ea nitrification le denitrification ha e fete mothating oa nitrate, ho boloka mohloli oa khabone o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tlosa naetrojene ea tlhaho.E na le melemo e itseng bakeng sa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a nang le tekanyo e tlase ea C/N.Nitrification ea nako e khuts'oane le denitrification e na le melemo ea seretse se senyane, nako e khuts'oane ea karabelo le ho boloka molumo oa reactor.Leha ho le joalo, nako e khuts'oane ea nitrification le denitrification e hloka ho bokellana ho tsitsitseng le ho tšoarellang ha nitrite, kahoo mokhoa oa ho thibela ka katleho mosebetsi oa libaktheria tsa nitrifying e ba senotlolo.

④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation

Anaerobic ammoxidation ke ts'ebetso ea oxidation ea ammonia nitrogen ho nitrogen ka libaktheria tsa autotrophic tlas'a boemo ba hypoxia, ka naetrojene ea naetrojene kapa naetrojene ea nitrous joalo ka moamoheli oa elektrone.

Liphello tsa mocheso le PH mosebetsing oa likokoana-hloko oa anammoX li ile tsa ithutoa.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore mocheso o nepahetseng oa karabelo e ne e le 30 ℃ mme boleng ba pH e ne e le 7.8.Ho khonahala ha anaerobic ammoX reactor bakeng sa ho alafa letsoai le phahameng le metsi a litšila a naetrojene a mangata ho ile ha ithutoa.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore letsoai le phahameng le sitisitse ts'ebetso ea anammoX haholo, mme thibelo ena e ne e ka khutlisoa.Ts'ebetso ea anaerobic ammox ea seretse se sa tsitsang e ne e le tlase ka 67.5% ho feta ea seretse sa taolo tlas'a letsoai la 30g.L-1(NaC1).Ts'ebetso ea anammoX ea seretse se tloaelehileng e ne e le tlase ho 45.1% ho feta ea taolo.Ha seretse se tloahelehileng se fetisoa ho tloha tikolohong ea letsoai le phahameng ho ea tikolohong ea letsoai le tlaase (ha ho na brine), ts'ebetso ea anaerobic ammoX e ile ea eketseha ka 43.1%.Leha ho le joalo, reactor e na le tšekamelo ea ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ha e le letsoai le lengata ka nako e telele.

Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa setso oa baeloji, anaerobic ammoX ke thekenoloji ea ho tlosa naetrojene e nang le moruo haholoanyane e se nang mohloli oa khabone e eketsehileng, tlhokahalo e tlase ea oksijene, ha ho hlokahale hore li-reagents li fokotsehe, le tlhahiso e fokolang ea litšila.Mefokolo ea anaerobic ammox ke hore lebelo la ho arabela lea lieha, molumo oa reactor o moholo, 'me mohloli oa carbon ha o amohelehe ho anaerobic amMOX, e nang le bohlokoa bo sebetsang ba ho rarolla metsi a litšila a ammonia a nang le biodegradability e fokolang.

4.karohano le mokhoa oa ho tlosa naetrojene adsorption

① mokhoa oa ho arohana ha membrane

Mokhoa oa karohano ea li-membrane ke ho sebelisa mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho kenella ha lera ho khetha ho arola likarolo tsa mokelikeli, e le ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tlosa naetrojene ea ammonia.Ho kenyelletsa reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, lera la deammoniating le electrodialysis.Lintlha tse amang karohano ea lera ke litšobotsi tsa lera, khatello kapa voltage, boleng ba pH, mocheso le khatello ea ammonia nitrogen.

Ho latela boleng ba metsi a metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a ntšitsoeng ke mokelikeli o sa tloaelehang oa lefats'e, teko ea reverse osmosis e entsoe ka NH4C1 le metsi a litšila a NaCI.Ho ile ha fumanoa hore tlas'a maemo a tšoanang, reverse osmosis e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho tlosoa ha NaCI, ha NHCl e na le tekanyo e phahameng ea tlhahiso ea metsi.Sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha NH4C1 ke 77.3% ka mor'a phekolo ea reverse osmosis, e ka sebelisoang e le ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen.Theknoloji ea Reverse Osmosis e ka boloka matla, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, empa klorine e hanyetsa, khanyetso ea tšilafalo e fokola.

Ts'ebetso ea karohano ea lera la biochemical nanofiltration e ne e sebelisetsoa ho phekola leachate ea litšila, e le hore karolo ea 85% ~ 90% ea mokelikeli o kenang metsi o tsoe ho latela maemo, 'me ke 0% ~ 15% feela ea mokelikeli o kopaneng oa likhoerekhoere le seretse. tanka ea lithōle.Ozturki et al.e ile ea tšoara leachate ea Odayeri e Turkey ka lera la nanofiltration, 'me sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen se ne se ka ba 72%.Nanofiltration membrane e hloka khatello e tlase ho feta membrane ea reverse osmosis, e sebetsang habonolo.

Sistimi ea ho tlosa ammonia ka kakaretso e sebelisoa kalafong ea metsi a litšila ka ammonia nitrogen e phahameng.Ammonia nitrogen ka metsing e na le tekanyo e latelang: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O ha e sebetsa, metsi a litšila a nang le ammonia a phalla ka har'a khetla ea mojule oa membrane, 'me mokelikeli o monyang asiti o phalla phaiping ea lera. mojule.Ha PH ea metsi a litšila e eketseha kapa mocheso o phahama, tekano e tla fetela ka ho le letona, 'me ammonium ion NH4- e fetoha khase e sa lefelloeng NH3.Ka nako ena, gaseous NH3 ka kena acid absorption mokelikeli mohato ka phala ho tloha litšila metsi mohato ka khetla ka micropores holim 'a faeba sekoti, e leng monngoa ke asiti tharollo' me hang-hang fetoha ionic NH4-.Boloka PH ea metsi a litšila ka holimo ho 10, le mocheso o ka holimo ho 35 ° C (ka tlase ho 50 ° C), e le hore NH4 e sebakeng sa metsi a litšila e tla tsoela pele ho fetoha NH3 ho phallo ea mokelikeli oa mokelikeli.Ka lebaka leo, khatello ea ammonia nitrogen ka lehlakoreng la metsi a litšila e ile ea fokotseha khafetsa.Mokhahlelo oa mokelikeli oa asiti, hobane ho na le asiti feela le NH4-, e etsa letsoai le hloekileng haholo la ammonium, 'me le fihlella mahloriso a itseng ka mor'a ho potoloha ho tsoelang pele, ho ka sebelisoang hape.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tšebeliso ea theknoloji ena e ka ntlafatsa haholo tekanyo ea ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng, e ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsohle tsa ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea metsi a litšila.

② mokhoa oa electrodialysis

Electrodialysis ke mokhoa oa ho tlosa lintho tse thata tse qhibilihileng litharollong tse nang le metsi ka ho sebelisa motlakase lipakeng tsa lipara tsa membrane.Tlas'a ketso ea motlakase, li-ion tsa ammonia le li-ion tse ling metsing a litšila a ammonia-nitrogen li ntlafatsoa ka lera la metsi a nang le ammonia, e le ho fihlela sepheo sa ho tlosoa.

Mokhoa oa electrodialysis o ne o sebelisoa ho phekola metsi a litšila a sa sebetseng a nang le ammonia nitrogen e ngata 'me a fumana litholoana tse ntle.Bakeng sa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen ea 2000-3000mg /L, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen e ka ba ho feta 85%, 'me metsi a mangata a ammonia a ka fumanoa ka 8.9%.Palo ea motlakase o sebelisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea electrodialysis e lekana le palo ea ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila.Phekolo ea electrodialysis ea metsi a litšila ha e felle feela ka boleng ba pH, mocheso le khatello, 'me ho bonolo ho e sebetsa.

Melemo ea karohano ea lera ke ho hlaphoheloa ho phahameng ha ammonia nitrogen, ts'ebetso e bonolo, phello e tsitsitseng ea kalafo mme ha ho na tšilafalo ea bobeli.Leha ho le joalo, ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a mangata, ntle le lera la deammoniated, li-membrane tse ling li bonolo ho lekanya le ho koala, 'me ho tsosolosoa le ho hlatsoa mokokotlo hangata, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa phekolo.Ka hona, mokhoa ona o loketse haholo bakeng sa ho hloekisoa pele kapa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a tlaase.

③ Mokhoa oa phapanyetsano oa ion

Mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea Ion ke mokhoa oa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen metsing a litšila ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le adsorption e matla ea li-ion tsa ammonia.Lisebelisoa tsa adsorption tse sebelisoang hangata ke activated carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite le exchange resin.Zeolite ke mofuta oa silico-aluminate e nang le sebopeho sa sebaka sa mahlakore a mararo, sebopeho sa pore le masoba, moo clinoptilolite e nang le matla a ho khetha adsorption bakeng sa li-ion tsa ammonia le theko e tlase, ka hona, hangata e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa adsorption bakeng sa metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen. ka boenjiniere.Lintlha tse amang phello ea kalafo ea clinoptilolite li kenyelletsa boholo ba likaroloana, khatello ea ammonia nitrogen e nang le tšusumetso, nako ea ho kopana, boleng ba pH joalo-joalo.

Phello ea adsorption ea zeolite ho ammonia nitrogen e hlakile, e lateloa ke ranite, 'me phello ea mobu le ceramisite e fokola.Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen ho zeolite ke phapanyetsano ea ion, 'me phello ea adsorption ea' mele e nyane haholo.Phello ea phapanyetsano ea ion ea ceramite, mobu le ranite e tšoana le phello ea adsorption ea 'mele.Matla a adsorption a li-filler tse 'ne a fokotsehile ka ho eketseha ha mocheso ka har'a 15-35 ℃,' me a eketseha ka keketseho ea pH ea boleng ba 3-9.Tekano ea adsorption e fihlile ka mor'a 6h oscillation.

Ho ile ha ithutoa monyetla oa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen ho tsoa ho leachate ea litšila ka zeolite adsorption.Liphetho tsa liteko li bonts'a hore gram e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea zeolite e na le matla a fokolang a adsorption ea 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, ha boholo ba karoloana ea zeolite e le 30-16 mesh, tekanyo ea ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen e fihla ho 78.5%, 'me tlas'a nako e tšoanang ea adsorption, litekanyetso le litekanyetso. boholo ba likaroloana tsa zeolite, ha palo e nang le tšusumetso ea ammonia nitrogen e phahame, e phahamisa sekhahla sa papatso, 'me hoa khoneha hore zeolite e le sehlaseli sa ho tlosa ammonia nitrogen ho tsoa ho leachate.Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho boleloa hore tekanyo ea adsorption ea ammonia nitrogen ka zeolite e tlaase, 'me ho thata hore zeolite e fihlele matla a ho hlahisa adsorption ts'ebetsong e sebetsang.

Ho ile ha ithutoa phello ea ho tlosa bethe ea zeolite ea bioloji ho naetrojene, COD le litšila tse ling ka har'a likhoerekhoere tsa metse.Liphello li bontša hore tekanyo ea ho tlosoa ha ammonia nitrogen ka bethe ea zeolite ea likokoana-hloko e feta 95%, 'me ho tlosoa ha nitrate nitrogen ho ameha haholo ke nako ea ho lula ha hydraulic.

Mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea ion o na le melemo ea matsete a manyane, ts'ebetso e bonolo, ts'ebetso e bonolo, ho hloka kutlo ho chefo le mocheso, le ho sebelisa zeolite hape ka ho nchafatsa.Leha ho le joalo, ha ho phekoloa metsi a litšila a ammonia a nang le naetrojene a mangata, ho tsosolosoa ho etsahala khafetsa, e leng se tlisang tšitiso ho ts'ebetso, kahoo e hloka ho kopanngoa le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea ammonia nitrogen, kapa e sebelisoang ho phekola metsi a litšila a ammonia nitrogen a tlaase.

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